{"id":26170,"date":"2023-07-04T15:34:58","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T13:34:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=26170"},"modified":"2024-06-02T14:25:36","modified_gmt":"2024-06-02T12:25:36","slug":"strategie-de-fertilisation-du-mais","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/strategie-de-fertilisation-du-mais\/","title":{"rendered":"Fertilisation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Strat\u00e9gie de fertilisation du ma\u00efs<\/h2>\n

Le raisonnement de la fertilisation du ma\u00efs d\u00e9pend de plusieurs crit\u00e8res : la structure du sol, son \u00e9tat chimique, organique, les besoins de la culture, le stade de la culture et le rendement vis\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les caract\u00e9ristiques des sols du sud (une structure l\u00e9g\u00e8re et un taux de mati\u00e8re organique tr\u00e8s faible \u00e0 nul) rendent le raisonnement de la fertilisation difficile. Ces caract\u00e9ristiques m\u00e8nent \u00e0 une faible r\u00e9tention d\u2019eau et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs.<\/p>\n

La forte salinit\u00e9 et l\u2019augmentation du pH de ces sols (la teneur \u00e9lev\u00e9e en cations Ca2+<\/sup>, Mg2+<\/sup>, Na+<\/sup>) provoquent le blocage du phosphore et une assimilation difficile de la potasse, ce qui rend la fertilisation encore plus difficile.<\/p>\n

Donc, la fertilisation fractionn\u00e9e est une solution aux contraintes li\u00e9es aux sols du sud.<\/p>\n<\/div>

La strat\u00e9gie de la fertilisation du ma\u00efs repose essentiellement sur :<\/h3>\n

\u2022 Le fractionnement de tous les apports, selon les besoins de chaque stade afin de limiter les pertes dues \u00e0 la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 du sol, l\u2019alcalinit\u00e9 et la salinit\u00e9.
\n\u2022 L\u2019utilisation imp\u00e9rative d\u2019engrais acidifiants avec un bas indice de salinit\u00e9.
\n\u2022 L\u2019apport de la mati\u00e8re organique pour corriger la structure et la perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 du sol, participer \u00e0 mieux retenir les \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs et l\u2019eau, cr\u00e9er et favoriser le d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une vie microbienne dans la rhizosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

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P\u00e9riode d\u2019apport des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs :<\/h3>\n

\u00c0 partir de 50% de feuilles visibles (8 \u00e0 10 feuilles selon les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s), la cadence d\u2019absorption et de mobilisation des \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs augmente (fig 1)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Avant ce stade, la mobilisation des \u00e9l\u00e9ments est tr\u00e8s faible. Cette p\u00e9riode marque la phase de l\u2019initiation \u00e0 la production des organes floraux et \u00e0 ce stade les composantes du rendement sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9l\u00e8vement des \u00e9l\u00e9ments par jour augmente progressivement jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la f\u00e9condation (fig 2)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Une fois la f\u00e9condation a lieu, les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements baissent et le remplissage des \u00e9pis d\u00e9bute par la mobilisation des assimilas (r\u00e9serves) contenus dans les feuilles.<\/p>\n

Dans des conditions de temp\u00e9ratures extr\u00eames, Profert pr\u00e9conise l\u2019utilisation de 10 L\/ha<\/strong> de Folur\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>, un engrais azot\u00e9 liquide. Son emploi est tr\u00e8s s\u00fbr et ne cause pas de probl\u00e8mes de phytotoxicit\u00e9, car il contient une tr\u00e8s faible teneur en biuret.<\/p>\n

Au stade d\u00e9but remplissage, Profert pr\u00e9conise l\u2019apport de 10 L\/ha<\/strong> de Fainal\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong> K<\/strong> afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le taux de la mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che.<\/p>\n

Le sch\u00e9ma ci-dessous montre la strat\u00e9gie de fertilisation du ma\u00efs au cours du cycle de d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Acides humiques :<\/h3>\n

Les sols du Sud alg\u00e9rien sont \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 sablonneux. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments nutritifs sont facilement et rapidement lessiv\u00e9s. Pour r\u00e9duire ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, il est recommand\u00e9 d\u2019apporter, avant chaque fertilisation, une dose d\u2019Humistar\u00ae<\/sup> <\/strong>qui cimentera le peu d\u2019argile qu\u2019il y a et participera \u00e0 la r\u00e9tention de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments et les \u00e9changer avec le plant.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Nos solutions<\/h2><\/span>
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Nutrition<\/h3><\/div>
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Engrais solides<\/h3><\/div>
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Engrais solubles<\/h3><\/div>
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<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26339,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[182],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-26170","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-fertilisation-du-mais"],"yoast_head":"\nFertilisation - Profert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/strategie-de-fertilisation-du-mais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fertilisation - Profert\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/strategie-de-fertilisation-du-mais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Profert\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-02T12:25:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Strat\u00e9gie-de-fertilisation-du-ma\u00efs.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/strategie-de-fertilisation-du-mais\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/strategie-de-fertilisation-du-mais\/\",\"name\":\"Fertilisation - 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