{"id":25267,"date":"2022-10-23T12:26:18","date_gmt":"2022-10-23T10:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=25267"},"modified":"2025-05-21T09:11:24","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T07:11:24","slug":"alternariose-des-agrumes","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/alternariose-des-agrumes\/","title":{"rendered":"Alternariose"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alternariose des agrumes : Alternaria spp<\/h2>\n

L\u2019alternariose des agrumes est une maladie fongique, caus\u00e9e par deux esp\u00e8ces de champignons : Alternaria alternata <\/em>qui d\u00e9veloppe des taches brunes et\u00a0Alternaria citri <\/em>qui d\u00e9veloppe la pourriture noire.
\nL\u2019Alternariose peut provoquer de grosses pertes de production.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Cycle de d\u00e9veloppement<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Le champignon hiverne sous forme de spores asexu\u00e9es appel\u00e9es conidies ou myc\u00e9lium dans les r\u00e9sidus de cultures et les tissus infect\u00e9s. Au printemps, la sporulation du champignon est favoris\u00e9e par une humidit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e (pr\u00e8s de 100 %). L\u2019\u00e9jection des spores survient lorsqu\u2019une p\u00e9riode s\u00e8che succ\u00e8de \u00e0 une p\u00e9riode humide.
\nLes conidies sont dispers\u00e9es par le vent, les courants d\u2019air et les \u00e9claboussures d\u2019eau. Une p\u00e9riode d\u2019humectation de 2 h et une temp\u00e9rature comprise entre 10 et 37 \u00b0C, avec un optimum de 26 \u00b0C, sont n\u00e9cessaires pour la germination des conidies. Apr\u00e8s germination, le champignon p\u00e9n\u00e8tre dans les tissus \u00e0 travers les stomates ou les blessures. Les sympt\u00f4mes apparaissent 4 \u00e0 5 jours apr\u00e8s.
\nAlternaria citri<\/em> ne produit pas de signes ou de sympt\u00f4mes externes sur les feuilles et les tiges. Les signes et sympt\u00f4mes de l\u2019Alternaria citri<\/em> ne se d\u00e9veloppent qu’apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte du fruit.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Sympt\u00f4mes et d\u00e9g\u00e2ts<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Sur feuilles et jeunes pousses :<\/strong> N\u00e9crose avec une d\u00e9foliation s\u00e9v\u00e8re et un d\u00e9p\u00e9rissement des rameaux.
\nSur fruits :<\/strong>
\nl\u2019Alternaria Alternata cause des l\u00e9sions brunes \u00e0 noires entour\u00e9es d\u2019un halo jaune sur les jeunes fruits. Les infections printani\u00e8res sur les jeunes fruits peuvent entra\u00eener une chute importante.
\nSur fruits m\u00fbrs ; apparition de taches n\u00e9crotiques d\u2019un diam\u00e8tre de 1 \u00e0 10 mm. Ces l\u00e9sions ne provoquent pas la pourriture des fruits mais d\u00e9t\u00e9riorent leurs qualit\u00e9s affectant la valeur commerciale.
\nLes sympt\u00f4mes de l\u2019Alternaria Citri apparaissent en post-r\u00e9colte. De petites taches de couleur brun-jaune ou orange apparaissent sur les fruits. Le tissu interne du fruit devient mou et noir le rendant impropre \u00e0 la commercialisation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Strat\u00e9gies de lutte<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

La lutte contre l\u2019alternariose des agrumes n\u00e9cessite un programme de lutte qui combine la prophylaxie et la lutte chimique.<\/p>\n

1- Les mesures de prophylaxie :<\/strong>
\n\u2013 Effectuer un traitement d\u2019hiver avec un produit \u00e0 base de cuivre afin de r\u00e9duire les formes hivernantes.
\n\u2013 Tailler pour a\u00e9rer l\u2019arbre et \u00e9liminer les pousses et les rameaux infect\u00e9s de l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.
\n\u2013 \u00c9liminer les d\u00e9bris de taille.
\n\u2013 Assurer un bon d\u00e9sherbage pour \u00e9liminer les adventices h\u00f4tes.
\n\u2013 Assurer un bon contr\u00f4le des insectes et acariens qui peuvent provoquer des blessures.
\n\u2013 Enlever les fruits tomb\u00e9s et les feuilles mortes.<\/p>\n

2- Traitement chimique :<\/strong>
\na- Traitement d\u2019hiver :<\/strong> ce traitement, \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser en hiver avec l\u2019application de Naturam 5<\/strong> \u00e0 la dose de 2.5 L\/ha<\/strong>, permet de prot\u00e9ger l\u2019arbre contre l\u2019Alternariose.
\nCe traitement permettra de contr\u00f4ler \u00e9galement les formes hivernantes de la gommose, du botrytis et de l\u2019anthracnose.
\nb- Floraison \u2013 Nouaison:<\/strong> Ace stade, les conditions peuvent \u00eatre favorables au d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie (temp\u00e9rature, humidit\u00e9 et ravageurs). Nous recommandons d\u2019utiliser Stroby\u00ae<\/sup> WG<\/strong> \u00e0 la dose 0.2 Kg\/ha<\/strong>.
\nc- Grossissement des fruits :<\/strong> A ce stade, les conditions climatiques sont favorables. Une temp\u00e9rature \u00e9lev\u00e9e et la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019eau satur\u00e9e augmentent consid\u00e9rablement les risques de d\u00e9veloppement de la maladie. Nous recommandons l\u2019application Score\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong> \u00e0 la dose 0.2 L\/ha<\/strong>.
\nCe traitement contr\u00f4lera efficacement le myc\u00e9lium et les spores de l\u2019Alternariose. Ce traitement assure \u00e9galement le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019anthracnose.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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Nos solutions<\/h2><\/span>
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Naturam 5\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
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Score\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
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