{"id":22658,"date":"2020-12-13T10:05:42","date_gmt":"2020-12-13T09:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=22658"},"modified":"2023-12-12T09:55:27","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T08:55:27","slug":"leclaircissage-des-arbres-fruitiers","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/leclaircissage-des-arbres-fruitiers\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00e9claircissage des arbres fruitiers"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage des arbres fruitiers<\/h2>\n

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage des arbres fruitiers est une op\u00e9ration tr\u00e8s importante. Elle vise \u00e0 ajuster la charge de production des arbres pour assurer la qualit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9colte et du retour \u00e0 fleurs (\u00e9viter l\u2019alternance).<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage signifie la suppression d\u2019un certain nombre de fleurs ou de fruits sur l\u2019arbre afin d\u2019obtenir une r\u00e9colte r\u00e9gul\u00e9e, de meilleure qualit\u00e9, de meilleur calibre et ne pas \u00e9puiser l\u2019arbre.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Les avantages de l\u2019\u00e9claircissage <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage garantit un \u00e9quilibre nutritionnel de l\u2019arbre et de r\u00e9pondre aux objectifs de rendement et de calibre.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage permet aussi :<\/strong>
\n– Une r\u00e9colte r\u00e9guli\u00e8re d\u2019une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autre. Il \u00e9vite les r\u00e9coltes excessives responsables de l\u2019alternance.
\n– L\u2019am\u00e9lioration du calibre des fruits et la s\u00e9lection des fruits de meilleure qualit\u00e9.
\n– Elimination des fruits mal pollinis\u00e9s.
\n– Un gain de pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9
\n– Une am\u00e9lioration de la couleur.
\n– Un contr\u00f4le plus facile de certains ravageurs et maladies. Les fruits a\u00e9r\u00e9s seront plus sains et moins sensibles aux attaques de champignons.
\n– Une charge contr\u00f4l\u00e9e et donc pr\u00e9venir les bris de branches.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Techniques d\u2019\u00e9claircissage<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Traditionnellement, l\u2019\u00e9claircissage s\u2019effectuait de fa\u00e7on manuelle. Le choix portait sur les petits fruits, les fruits doubles et ceux port\u00e9s par les rameaux faibles.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage manuel pr\u00e9sente certaines contraintes car cette technique exige beaucoup de main-d\u2019\u0153uvre et ne permet pas d\u2019assurer l\u2019\u00e9claircissage de la floraison (retour \u00e0 fleur). La charge financi\u00e8re \u00e9tait lourde.
\nL’\u00e9claircissage chimique est utilis\u00e9 dans le but d’\u00e9liminer les fruits t\u00f4t en saison. Un \u00e9claircissage t\u00f4t en saison influe mieux sur le calibre moyen des fruits et le retour \u00e0 fleurs qu’un \u00e9claircissage manuel.<\/p>\n

Cette technique d\u2019\u00e9claircissage permet de mieux organiser et contr\u00f4ler la charge de l\u2019arbre, l\u2019homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 du calibre des fruits en plus de la r\u00e9gulation de la floraison (retour \u00e0 fleur).<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9claircissage chimique r\u00e9pond mieux aux exigences de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019\u00e9claircissage. L\u2019\u00e9claircissage chimique assure un gain sur l\u2019investissement et sur la durabilit\u00e9 de la production.<\/p>\n

Presto :<\/strong>
\nMati\u00e8re Active :<\/strong> 40% Eth\u00e9phon.
\nFormulation :<\/strong> Concentr\u00e9 soluble dans l\u2019eau (SL).<\/p>\n

Presto<\/strong> est un r\u00e9gulateur de croissance des plantes.
\nIl est dot\u00e9 de propri\u00e9t\u00e9s syst\u00e9miques. Il est utilis\u00e9 pour l\u2019\u00e9claircissage des fruits. Il r\u00e9gule la floraison, agit sur la maturation et la coloration des fruits.
\nPresto<\/strong> p\u00e9n\u00e8tre rapidement dans les feuilles et se transforme en chlorure de phosphate et d\u2019\u00e9thyl\u00e8ne.
\nPresto<\/strong> stimule la synth\u00e8se des ph\u00e9nols et des lignines favorisant ainsi la coloration et la maturation des fruits.<\/p>\n

Stades d\u2019application :<\/strong>
\nPommier Poirier :<\/strong>
\n– Une application au stade ballon (Bouton rose) pour pommier.
\n– Une application \u00e0 la nouaison (fruits 8-20 mm) pour pommier et poirier. P\u00eacher et nectarine :
\n– A l’automne apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte et pendant la chute des feuilles.<\/p>\n

Dose d\u2019utilisation :<\/strong> 2.4 L\/ha<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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