{"id":21876,"date":"2020-05-28T17:59:50","date_gmt":"2020-05-28T15:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=21876"},"modified":"2025-05-26T11:33:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T09:33:30","slug":"mildiou-de-la-tomate","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/mildiou-de-la-tomate\/","title":{"rendered":"Mildiou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mildiou de la tomate<\/h2>\n

Le mildiou est une maladie d\u00e9vastatrice caus\u00e9e par le champignon Phytophthora infestans. Il s\u2019attaque \u00e0 tous les organes a\u00e9riens de la plante (feuille, tige, fleur et fruit). Il peut provoquer des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts importants qui peuvent aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la destruction totale de la culture.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Cycle de d\u00e9veloppement <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Le mildiou de la tomate se conserve sous formes d\u2019oospores dans le sol et les d\u00e9bris des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux. Lorsque les conditions climatiques sont favorables (humidit\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 90% et temp\u00e9rature de 16\u00b0 \u00e0 20\u00b0C), les oospores germent et donnent des sporanges, qui vont assurer la contamination primaire. Ces sporanges sont transport\u00e9s par le vent ou les \u00e9claboussures des pluies vers les organes verts de la plante. Les sporanges et les zoospores germent et d\u00e9veloppent un tube germinatif qui p\u00e9n\u00e8tre les tissus de la plante via les stomates et la cuticule. Le myc\u00e9lium se d\u00e9veloppe en formant un organe qui sert comme su\u00e7oir pour la prise de nourriture. Le champignon fructifie sur la face inf\u00e9rieure de la feuille en formant des sporanges qui assurent la diss\u00e9mination vers les autres organes de la plante et les autres plantes saines. C\u2019est la contamination secondaire.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Sympt\u00f4mes et d\u00e9g\u00e2ts<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

1- Sur les feuilles\u00a0:<\/strong> des petites taches jaunes et translucides apparaissent sur la face sup\u00e9rieure des feuilles. Sur la face inf\u00e9rieure, on observe un duvet blanc correspondant \u00e0 la fructification du champignon. Ces t\u00e2ches ce n\u00e9crosent au centre et finissent par tomber.<\/p>\n

2- Sur les tiges\u00a0:<\/strong> des l\u00e9sions de couleur marron ou noir, de taille variable, apparaissent. En cas de forte pression, un duvet blanc peut appara\u00eetre. Ces l\u00e9sions fragilisent la tige qui se casse sous le poids des fruits.<\/p>\n

3- Sur les fruits\u00a0:<\/strong> des taches irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res brunes, d\u2019un aspect marbr\u00e9, sont visibles sur les fruits. Ces t\u00e2ches d\u00e9velopperont des pourritures molles rendant le fruit impropre \u00e0 la consommation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Strat\u00e9gie de lutte <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Le contr\u00f4le de la maladie repose sur un programme de lutte qui regroupe les mesures prophylactiques et la lutte chimique.<\/p>\n

1-\u00a0Mesures prophylactiques\u00a0:<\/strong>
\n– Utiliser des plants sains et indemnes de maladie.
\n– \u00c9liminer les d\u00e9bris des cultures pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes qui peuvent \u00eatre source de contamination.
\n– D\u00e9sherber la parcelle et ses bordures afin d\u2019\u00e9liminer les plantes h\u00f4tes qui peuvent \u00eatre source de contamination.
\n– Appliquer une strat\u00e9gie de rotation.
\n– Appliquer strictement un programme de lutte pr\u00e9ventive.
\n– Raisonner la fertilisation azot\u00e9e.
\n– Contr\u00f4ler l\u2019hygrom\u00e9trie dans les cultures sous serre.<\/p>\n

2-\u00a0 Lutte chimique: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Repiquage \u2013 Reprise v\u00e9g\u00e9tative : <\/strong>\u00e0 ce stade, et si les conditions climatiques sont favorables (16 \u00e0 25\u00b0C et humidit\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 90 %), nous recommandons d\u2019utiliser\u00a0 Bravo<\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 2 L\/ha, <\/strong>ou Cyzoki, <\/strong>\u00e0 la dose de 0.5 L\/ha, <\/strong>ou Fluzoki, <\/strong>\u00e0 la dose de 0.5 L\/ha<\/strong>. Ce traitement permet\u00a0 une protection pr\u00e9ventive des feuilles et des jeunes plants.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9veloppement foliaire \u2013 Nouaison\u00a0<\/b>: \u00e0 ce stade, et si les conditions climatiques sont favorables, nous recommandons un traitement avec\u00a0Consento\u00a0<\/b>\u00e0 la dose de\u00a02 L\/ha<\/b>\u00a0ou\u00a0Byspore<\/b>\u00a0\u00e0 la dose de\u00a03 L\/ha.<\/b>\u00a0L\u2019utilisation de\u00a0Consento<\/b>\u00a0permet de contr\u00f4ler aussi l\u2019alternaria.<\/p>\n

Nouaison \u2013 D\u00e9but grossissement\u00a0: <\/strong>\u00e0 ce stade, et si les conditions climatiques sont toujours favorables, nous recommandons un traitement avec Infinito<\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 1,5 L\/ha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Grossissement \u2013 Maturit\u00e9\u00a0:<\/b>\u00a0\u00e0 ce stade, et si les conditions climatiques sont toujours favorables, nous recommandons un traitement avec\u00a0Carial<\/b>, \u00e0 la dose de\u00a04 kg\/ha<\/b>\u00a0ou\u00a0Ceres<\/b>\u00a0\u00e0 la dose de\u00a00.4 kg\/ha<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/div>
<\/div>
<\/div>

Nos solutions<\/h2><\/span>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Cyzoki\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/div>
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Byspore\u00ae<\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/div>
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Consento\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/div>
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Infinito\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/div>
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Carial\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/div>
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ceres\u00ae<\/sup><\/h3><\/div>
\"\"<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/div>
<\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>

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