{"id":20216,"date":"2019-07-23T12:21:19","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T10:21:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=20216"},"modified":"2026-08-20T16:16:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T14:16:30","slug":"les-aleurodes-des-cucurbitacees-2","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/les-aleurodes-des-cucurbitacees-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Aleurodes des cucurbitac\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les aleurodes des cucurbitac\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

Les aleurodes (mouches blanches) sont aussi appel\u00e9s mouches blanches. Deux esp\u00e8ces s\u2019attaquent aux cucurbitac\u00e9es, l\u2019aleurode des serres (Trialeurode vaporarium) et l\u2019aleurode du tabac (Bemisia tabaci). Ces deux esp\u00e8ces sont polyphages et causent des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts consid\u00e9rables. L\u2019esp\u00e8ce la plus fr\u00e9quente sur cucurbitac\u00e9es est l\u2019aleurode du tabac (Bemisia tabaci).<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Cycle de d\u00e9veloppement <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

L\u2019aleurode n\u2019a pas une forme de survie (diapause) adapt\u00e9e. Il passe d\u2019une plante \u00e0 une autre, cultiv\u00e9e ou herbac\u00e9e. Ses \u0153ufs sont coriaces, ils r\u00e9sistent aux amplitudes thermiques. Une femelle peut pondre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 300 \u0153ufs durant son cycle de vie. Les \u0153ufs \u00e9closent, donnent des larves qui passent par 4 stades larvaires avant pupaison. Une semaine apr\u00e8s, les adultes de petite taille (environ 1 mm) \u00e9mergent de la pupe. Les adultes poss\u00e8dent deux paires d\u2019ailes recouverts d\u2019une cire poudreuse. Plusieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9rations (de 11 \u00e0 15) peuvent se d\u00e9velopper par an.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Sympt\u00f4mes et d\u00e9g\u00e2ts <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Sur feuille\u00a0: <\/strong>les piqures de nutrition provoquent des petites taches, jaune-pale, sur la face inf\u00e9rieure. De fortes attaques provoquent la d\u00e9coloration des feuilles et leur chute pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e affectant consid\u00e9rablement le d\u00e9veloppement de la plante et la br\u00fblure des fruits.<\/p>\n

La mouche blanche secr\u00e8te du miellat qui couvre la surface de la feuille, la fumagine s\u2019y installe et bloque la photosynth\u00e8se.<\/p>\n

La mouche blanche transmet le virus du rabougrissement jaune des cucurbitac\u00e9es (CYSDV) et le virus du jaunissement nervaire du concombre (CVYV). Les virus provoquent le nanisme et l\u2019arr\u00eat de croissance de la plante.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Strat\u00e9gie de lutte<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

1- Mesures prophylactiques\u00a0:<\/strong>
-Eliminer et br\u00fbler les r\u00e9sidus de la culture d\u00e9j\u00e0 infect\u00e9e.
-Pratiquer des rotations avec des cultures non h\u00f4tes.
-D\u00e9sherber les abords de la parcelle et \u00e9liminer les plantes r\u00e9servoir.<\/p>\n

2- Lutte chimique (programme pr\u00e9ventif)\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s repiquage – D\u00e9veloppement foliaire :<\/strong>
L\u2019application de Wide\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong> \u00e0 la dose de 20 \u00e0 30 g\/hl<\/strong>, offre une protection int\u00e9grale \u00e0 la plante gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa syst\u00e9mie compl\u00e8te et sa persistance d\u2019action. Wide\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>\u00a0contr\u00f4le \u00e9galement les pucerons et thrips.<\/p>\n

Floraison \u2013 Nouaison :<\/strong>
Pilaravia\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 0,5 \u00e0 1 L\/ha<\/strong>, offre une protection int\u00e9grale avec une longue r\u00e9manence contre les aleurodes, les pucerons, les acariens et le thrips.<\/p>\n

Fin nouaison \u2013 Fin grossissement :<\/strong>
Cette phase, particuli\u00e8rement longue, co\u00efncide souvent avec des conditions propices au d\u00e9veloppement des aleurodes. Alterner diff\u00e9rents traitements pour un contr\u00f4le efficace comme suit :
\u2022 Fin nouaison :<\/strong> Pilaravia\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 0,5 \u00e0 1 L\/ha<\/strong>, pour assurer une protection optimale et une longue persistance d’action.
\u2022 D\u00e9but grossissement : Nori\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong> Pro, \u00e0 la dose de 0,07 L\/hl<\/strong>, \u00e0 7 jours<\/strong> d’intervalle. Ce traitement permet un bon nettoyage des \u0153ufs, des larves et des adultes d’aleurodes, ainsi que des pucerons.
\u2022 Plein grossissement :<\/strong> Movento\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 0,5 L\/ha<\/strong>, pour une protection int\u00e9grale de la plante avec une longue r\u00e9manence. Alterner avec Deltharin\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 0,5 L\/ha<\/strong>, pour un contr\u00f4le efficace.
\u2022 Fin grossissement :<\/strong> Wide\u00ae<\/sup><\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 20 \u00e0 30 g\/hl<\/strong>, pour assurer une protection jusqu’\u00e0 la r\u00e9colte<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

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