{"id":19659,"date":"2019-02-12T16:01:31","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T15:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=19659"},"modified":"2025-05-26T12:41:56","modified_gmt":"2025-05-26T10:41:56","slug":"puceron-du-melon-et-du-cotonnier-sur-cucurbitacees","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/puceron-du-melon-et-du-cotonnier-sur-cucurbitacees\/","title":{"rendered":"Puceron du melon et du cotonnier sur cucurbitac\u00e9es"},"content":{"rendered":"

Puceron du melon et du cotonnier sur cucurbitac\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

Plusieurs esp\u00e8ces des pucerons s\u2019attaquent aux cucurbitac\u00e9es et provoquent des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts importants.\u00a0 Ce sont des esp\u00e8ces polyphages qui s\u2019attaquent aux cucurbitac\u00e9es\u00a0: le puceron du melon et du cotonnier (Aphis gossypii<\/em><\/strong>), le puceron vert du p\u00eacher (Myzus persicae<\/em><\/strong>) et les pucerons des solanac\u00e9es (Macrosiphum euphorbiae<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0 et Aulacorthum solani<\/em><\/strong>). L\u2019esp\u00e8ce la plus fr\u00e9quente sur les cucurbitac\u00e9es est le puceron du melon et du cotonnier. Il est redoutable par sa capacit\u00e9 de se multiplier tr\u00e8s rapidement et de transmettre des virus pr\u00e9judiciables.<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Cycle biologique <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Le puceron du melon et du cotonnier hiverne sous forme d\u2019adulte ou de larve. Cette esp\u00e8ce aime les hivers doux et r\u00e9siste tr\u00e8s bien aux chaleurs estivales. C\u2019est une esp\u00e8ce parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e9tique vivipare. A la sortie de l\u2019hiver, quand les conditions climatiques sont favorables (temp\u00e9rature entre 21\u00b0C et 27\u00b0C), le puceron reprend son activit\u00e9. Les femelles donnent naissance \u00e0 des larves par parth\u00e9nog\u00e9n\u00e8se qui muent 4 fois avant de devenir adultes apt\u00e8res ou ail\u00e9s. Le d\u00e9veloppement larvaire est de 9 jours \u00e0 16 \u00b0C et de 6 jours \u00e0 28 \u00b0C. La f\u00e9condit\u00e9 moyenne d\u2019une femelle est de 70 \u00e0 80 larves. Cette esp\u00e8ce est connue pour sa forte pullulation. Une colonie d\u2019A.\u00a0gossypii<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>est capable de se multiplier par douze et peut donner 60 g\u00e9n\u00e9rations par an.<\/p>\n

La dispersion de l\u2019insecte est assur\u00e9e par les individus ail\u00e9s qui vont coloniser de nouvelles plantes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Sympt\u00f4mes et d\u00e9g\u00e2ts <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

Sur feuilles\u00a0:<\/strong> les sympt\u00f4mes observ\u00e9s sont\u00a0: des taches chlorotiques dues aux piqures nutritionnelles, des feuilles d\u00e9form\u00e9es et boursoufl\u00e9es et du miellat. L\u2019excr\u00e9tion de miellat favorise le d\u00e9veloppement de la fumagine qui g\u00eane la photosynth\u00e8se et la respiration affectant la croissance de la plante.<\/p>\n

Sur les jeunes pousses\u00a0: <\/strong>d\u00e9formation et rabougrissement des pousses apicales provoquant un arr\u00eat de croissance, de la floraison et l\u2019avortement de fleurs.<\/p>\n

Les pucerons transmettent des virus pr\u00e9judiciables\u00a0: virus de la mosa\u00efque du concombre (CMV), virus des taches en anneaux du papayer (PRSV) et virus de la mosa\u00efque jaune de la courgette (ZYMV). Ces virus provoquent le nanisme et l\u2019arr\u00eat de croissance de la plante.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Strat\u00e9gie de lutte <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

1- Mesures prophylactiques\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
      \n
    • Introduire des plants sains et indemnes de pucerons.<\/li>\n
    • D\u00e9sherbage de la parcelle et ses bordures pour \u00e9liminer les sources d\u2019infection.<\/li>\n
    • Apporter une fertilisation \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e en azote.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2- Lutte chimique (programme pr\u00e9ventif)\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Repiquage\u00a0: <\/strong>\u00e0 ce stade, pour \u00e9viter l\u2019installation de premi\u00e8res colonies, un traitement avec Actara<\/strong> \u00e0 la dose de 0.4<\/strong> kg\/ha, <\/strong>en goutte \u00e0 goutte, est recommand\u00e9.<\/p>\n

      D\u00e9veloppement foliaire \u2013 Nouaison\u00a0: <\/strong>\u00e0 ce stade, la plante est en croissance active, elle d\u00e9veloppe une v\u00e9g\u00e9tation importante qui peut favoriser les attaques \u00a0du puceron sur jeunes feuilles et sur la partie apicale. Un traitement avec Voliam Flexi, <\/strong>\u00e0 la dose de 0.3 L\/ha, <\/strong>est recommand\u00e9. Ce traitement prot\u00e8gera la plante de pucerons et d\u2019autres insectes tels que les mouches blanches, les thrips et les noctuelles.<\/p>\n

      Fin nouaison \u2013 Fin grossissement\u00a0: <\/strong>\u00e0 ce stade, les conditions climatiques sont favorables au d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019insecte. Nous recommandons l\u2019utilisation d\u2019Engeo<\/strong> \u00e0 0.2 L\/ha<\/strong>, pendant toute la dur\u00e9e de ce cycle.<\/p>\n

      <\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
      <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19705,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-19659","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nPuceron du melon et du cotonnier sur cucurbitac\u00e9es - Profert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/puceron-du-melon-et-du-cotonnier-sur-cucurbitacees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Puceron du melon et du cotonnier sur cucurbitac\u00e9es - 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