{"id":16052,"date":"2018-03-29T10:27:23","date_gmt":"2018-03-29T08:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?post_type=avada_portfolio&p=16052"},"modified":"2018-03-29T10:33:19","modified_gmt":"2018-03-29T08:33:19","slug":"oidium","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00efdium"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u00efdium<\/h1>\n

L’o\u00efdium du p\u00eacher est une maladie fongique caus\u00e9e par Sphaerotheca pannosa<\/em><\/strong>. C\u2019est un champignon ectoparasite (le myc\u00e9lium s’\u00e9tend \u00e0 la surface des organes parasit\u00e9s). Cette maladie est plus fr\u00e9quente sur le p\u00eacher mais s\u2019attaque \u00e9galement au nectarinier, abricotier et prunier.<\/p>\n

L\u2019o\u00efdium est favoris\u00e9 par un taux d’humidit\u00e9 et des temp\u00e9ratures \u00e9lev\u00e9es (sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 10\u00b0C).<\/p>\n<\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Cycle biologique <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

L\u2019o\u00efdium hiverne sous forme de spores et de fragments myc\u00e9liens au niveau des \u00e9cailles des bourgeons.<\/p>\n

Au printemps, les bourgeons contamin\u00e9s vont donner des pousses ou des inflorescences malades qui constituent les premiers foyers d’infection (contamination primaire).<\/p>\n

Les spores produites \u00e0 partir de la contamination primaire vont se diss\u00e9miner dans l’arbre et sur les arbres voisins (contamination secondaire). La germination des spores est favoris\u00e9e par une temp\u00e9rature comprise entre 10 et 33\u00b0C et l\u2019humidit\u00e9 de l\u2019air ou la ros\u00e9e. La germination est tr\u00e8s rapide lorsque les temp\u00e9ratures sont comprises entre 15 et 25\u00b0C. Une forte humidit\u00e9 de l’air, par exemple le brouillard, est suffisante pour d\u00e9clencher de graves infections. A l\u2019inverse, de fortes pluies lessivent les spores et emp\u00eachant leur germination.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Sympt\u00f4mes et d\u00e9g\u00e2ts <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

1<\/strong>– Sur bourgeons et rameaux : <\/strong>pendant l\u2019hiver, les rameaux pr\u00e9sentent une coloration gris-sale. Au printemps, les rameaux, les nouvelles pousses et les bourgeons se couvrent avec un feutrage blanch\u00e2tre, sympt\u00f4me d\u2019un r\u00e9seau myc\u00e9lien dense, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 en surface.<\/p>\n

Les rameaux et les bourgeons atteints peuvent se dess\u00e9cher et meurent.<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>– Sur feuilles : <\/strong>un feutrage se forme sur les feuilles sous forme d\u2019un aspect farineux, les feuilles se d\u00e9forment puis se dess\u00e8chent et tombent.<\/p>\n

3<\/strong>– Sur fruits : <\/strong>des t\u00e2ches blanch\u00e2tres apparaissent sur les fruits, sur les faces expos\u00e9es au soleil. Les t\u00e2ches grandissent rapidement et l\u2019\u00e9piderme se fissure d\u00e9gradant la qualit\u00e9 de fruit et favorisant l\u2019installation d\u2019autres bio-agresseurs.<\/p>\n

L\u2019o\u00efdium alt\u00e8re la qualit\u00e9 des fruits, provoque leur chute et m\u00eame l\u2019installation de la moniliose.<\/p>\n

Les attaques de l\u2019o\u00efdium sur fruit cessent au d\u00e9but de la coloration du fruit qui devient r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la p\u00e9n\u00e9tration de la maladie.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/i><\/i><\/span>Strat\u00e9gie de lutte<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n

La lutte contre l\u2019o\u00efdium doit faire appel \u00e0 plusieurs m\u00e9thodes : prophylactique, chimique et g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

1<\/strong>– Les mesures prophylactiques <\/strong>:<\/p>\n

– Br\u00fbler les d\u00e9bris de taille, des feuilles et les rameaux infect\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

– \u00c9liminer les rameaux porteurs de myc\u00e9lium, au moment de la taille en vert.<\/p>\n

– Contr\u00f4le de la cloque pour diminuer les risques d\u2019o\u00efdium.<\/p>\n

2<\/strong>– Programme de lutte chimique :<\/strong><\/p>\n

2-1<\/strong>– \u00a0Traitement \u00a0d\u2019hiver : \u00a0<\/strong>ce \u00a0traitement, \u00a0\u00e0 \u00a0r\u00e9aliser \u00a0en \u00a0hiver, \u00a0apr\u00e8s \u00a0la \u00a0taille \u00a0avec \u00a0une application d\u2019O<\/strong>xiser 50 WP<\/strong> \u00e0 la dose de 3 Kg\/ha<\/strong>, permet de lutter contre les spores et les fragments myc\u00e9liens \u00e9ventuellement pr\u00e9sents sur l\u2019arbre, sur les bourgeons, au niveau des \u00e9cailles. Ce traitement permet de r\u00e9duire l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des attaques du champignon.<\/p>\n

L\u2019application d\u2019O<\/strong>xiser 50 WP <\/strong>permet aussi de r\u00e9duire les spores de la cloque et le myc\u00e9lium de la moniliose.<\/p>\n

2-2<\/strong>– Gonflement des bourgeons \u2013 Ouverture des s\u00e9pales : <\/strong>ce traitement, \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser avec une application d\u2019O<\/strong>xiser 50 WP<\/strong>, \u00e0 la dose de 3 Kg\/ha<\/strong>, permet de contr\u00f4ler les attaques pr\u00e9coces de l\u2019o\u00efdium en bloquant la germination des spores et du myc\u00e9lium au niveau des \u00e9cailles de bourgeons. Ce traitement permet \u00e9galement de lutter contre les conidies de la moniliose v\u00e9hicul\u00e9es par le vent, les ascospores de la cloque qui se trouvent dans les \u00e9cailles des bourgeons. Ces formes entrent en activit\u00e9 d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9clatement des bourgeons.<\/p>\n

2-3<\/strong>– Fin floraison \u2013 Nouaison : <\/strong>A ce stade, des spores et du myc\u00e9lium de l\u2019o\u00efdium peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sents suite \u00e0 des conditions climatiques favorables. Le champignon peut s\u2019attaquer aux fruits, d\u00e8s leur formation et aux jeunes feuilles qui commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n

Nous recommandons d\u2019appliquer Stroby WG \u00e0<\/strong> la dose 15 \u00e0 20 g\/hl<\/strong>. L\u2019application de Stroby WG <\/strong>permettra de contr\u00f4ler efficacement l\u2019o\u00efdium, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son action translaminaire et aux gaz d\u00e9gag\u00e9s. L\u2019action translaminaire maitrisera le myc\u00e9lium \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la feuille et les gaz vont nettoyer les spores pr\u00e9sentes sur les feuilles.<\/p>\n

2-4<\/strong>– Jeunes fruits \u2013 Croissances des fruits <\/strong>: A ce stade, les temp\u00e9ratures sont plus au moins \u00e9lev\u00e9es, les feuilles et les fruits sont en croissance active. Le risque de propagation de l\u2019o\u00efdium est toujours important, cons\u00e9quence de contaminations secondaires.<\/p>\n

Nous recommandons de faire deux traitements avec Score <\/strong>\u00e0 la dose de 200 ml\/ha<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 Ces applications permettent\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 de contr\u00f4ler les attaques de la moniliose et de la cloque du p\u00eacher, jusqu\u2019au prochain stade.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[108],"portfolio_skills":[],"portfolio_tags":[],"class_list":["post-16052","avada_portfolio","type-avada_portfolio","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","portfolio_category-maladies-arbres-fruitiers"],"yoast_head":"\nO\u00efdium - Profert<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"O\u00efdium - Profert\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Profert\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-03-29T08:33:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Actualite-Site-Web.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"163\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/\",\"name\":\"O\u00efdium - Profert\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-03-29T08:27:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-03-29T08:33:19+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Portfolio\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"O\u00efdium\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/\",\"name\":\"Profert.dz\",\"description\":\"Agriculture Alg\u00e9rie\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"O\u00efdium - Profert","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"O\u00efdium - Profert","og_url":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/","og_site_name":"Profert","article_modified_time":"2018-03-29T08:33:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":350,"height":163,"url":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Actualite-Site-Web.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/","url":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/","name":"O\u00efdium - Profert","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-03-29T08:27:23+00:00","dateModified":"2018-03-29T08:33:19+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/oidium\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Portfolio","item":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"O\u00efdium"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/","name":"Profert.dz","description":"Agriculture Alg\u00e9rie","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/16052"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_portfolio"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16052"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/16052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16058,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/avada_portfolio\/16052\/revisions\/16058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"portfolio_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_category?post=16052"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_skills","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_skills?post=16052"},{"taxonomy":"portfolio_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/portfolio_tags?post=16052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}