{"id":12612,"date":"2017-08-07T11:40:45","date_gmt":"2017-08-07T09:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/?p=12612"},"modified":"2026-01-06T16:19:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T15:19:17","slug":"fusariose","status":"publish","type":"avada_portfolio","link":"https:\/\/profert.dz\/fr\/index.php\/portfolio-items\/fusariose\/","title":{"rendered":"Fusariose"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Fusariose<\/h2>\n

La fusariose est l\u2019une des maladies fongiques les plus importantes des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. Elle r\u00e9duit les rendements quantitatifs et qualitatifs.
\nLa fusariose est caus\u00e9e par le champignon Fusarium spp<\/em> et Microdochium nivale<\/em>.
\nIl existe plusieurs formes de fusariose qui peuvent affecter les diff\u00e9rentes parties de la c\u00e9r\u00e9ale et provoquer\u00a0:
\n– La fusariose de semences (fontes de semis).
\n– La fusariose de collet.
\n– La fusariose des \u00e9pis.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Cycle de d\u00e9veloppement<\/h2>\n

Le champignon hiverne sous forme de p\u00e9rith\u00e8ces (qui renferment les ascospores) macroconidies, chlamydospores et fragments d\u2019hyphes. L\u2019inoculum primaire peut provenir des r\u00e9sidus de cultures infect\u00e9es l\u2019ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, des semences infect\u00e9es ou d\u2019adventices.<\/p>\n

Les conditions favorables du printemps (forte humidit\u00e9 et temp\u00e9ratures entre 15\u00b0C et 30\u00b0C) permettent au champignon de se d\u00e9velopper et former des conidies et des ascospores.<\/p>\n

Les ascospores sont \u00e9ject\u00e9es dans l\u2019air \u00e0 partir des p\u00e9rith\u00e8ces et sont transport\u00e9es principalement par le vent, les conidies sont dispers\u00e9es par les \u00e9claboussures de pluie.<\/p>\n

Les ascospores germent si l\u2019humidit\u00e9 relative est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 85% et la temp\u00e9rature avoisine les 25-30\u00b0C et p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e8rent par les ouvertures de tissus dues \u00e0 la s\u00e9nescence et par les anth\u00e8res apr\u00e8s la floraison.<\/p>\n

En pr\u00e9sence de pluie, le risque d\u2019infection augmente pendant la p\u00e9riode reproductrice (l\u2019\u00e9piaison ou la floraison).<\/p>\n<\/div>

Sympt\u00f4mes et d\u00e9g\u00e2ts<\/h2>\n

La fusariose occasionne des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts \u00e9normes sur la c\u00e9r\u00e9ale en affectant consid\u00e9rablement les rendements :
\nSur grains :<\/strong>
\n– Le PMG et le nombre de grains par \u00e9pis sont r\u00e9duits.
\n– La qualit\u00e9 de semence est fortement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e.
\n– La production de mycotoxines dans les grains qui sont nocives pour l\u2019homme et les animaux d\u2019\u00e9levage, par certaines esp\u00e8ces de genre Fusarium.
\nSur semences :<\/strong>
\nLa fonte de semis est provoqu\u00e9e par la fusariose transmise par la semence.
\nLes semences infect\u00e9es germent mais les pousses et les racines se n\u00e9crosent et meurent.
\nSur pieds et tiges :<\/strong>
\nLe parasite peut p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans la tige ou les racines. Il provoque un \u00e9chaudage bloquant le remplissage des grains.
\nSur \u00e9pis :<\/strong>
\nLa fusariose des \u00e9pis est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par le fl\u00e9trissement des \u00e9pis et une s\u00e9nescence pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e. Les grains contamin\u00e9s sont petits, l\u00e9gers, rid\u00e9s et couverts d\u2019un duvet blanc ou rose.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Strat\u00e9gie de lutte<\/h2>\n

Les mesures prophylactiques :<\/strong>
\n– Choisir des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s peu sensibles \u00e0 la maladie.
\n– Utiliser des semences saines.
\n– R\u00e9aliser des rotations avec des esp\u00e8ces non-h\u00f4tes (luzerne).<\/p>\n

Lutte chimique :<\/strong>
\nL\u2019application du fongicide doit pr\u00e9c\u00e9der la p\u00e9riode propice de l\u2019infection.
\nEffectuer le traitement quand les \u00e9pis sont d\u00e9gag\u00e9s jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la floraison avant les pluies qui favorisent les contaminations par la maladie.
\nRefaire le traitement avant chaque pluie pour \u00e9viter les contaminations favoris\u00e9es par les pluies.
\nProfert vous recommande l\u2019utilisation d\u2019Amistar Xtra<\/strong> \u00e0 la dose de 0.75 L\/ha<\/strong> \u00e0 1 L\/ha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Nos solutions sur bl\u00e9s<\/h1><\/span>
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Amistar Xtra<\/h3><\/div>
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Maladies<\/h1><\/span>
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