\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641. \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Mati\u00e8re-organique00.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 ( \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0633- \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0631 – 1995 ).<\/p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 11995\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627 (pH \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 22017)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Carte-de-la-d\u00e9gradation-des-sols.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 www.humanite-biodiversite.fr\/article\/sols-en-danger (31 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2012).<\/p>\n\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3000 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1.5%3 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1%. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\n1<\/sup> \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f.
\n2<\/sup> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 2017.
\n3<\/sup> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 = \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a x 1.72.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 7 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a 2018.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Tab01.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644) \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Mati\u00e8re-organique02.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00bb – \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a \u2013 2018.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 75 \u0625\u0644\u0649 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u064a) \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u061f <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u06464<\/sup><\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 5<\/sup><\/strong>K2.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Tab-02.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
(1) 10000 \u06452 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629) x 0.3 \u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642)x 1.3 \u0637\u0646\/\u06453 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629) = 3900 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.
\n(2) 25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u060c 15\u00b0\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 K1\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15%.
\n\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c 50 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Tab03.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Tab04-300x73.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/strong>
\n– \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.7% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644.
\n– \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0629 (\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a). \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.
\n– \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 (\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a)\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644.
\n\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\n4<\/sup> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641.
\n5<\/sup> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f K2. \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644 (2011) \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/06.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Mati\u00e8re-organique03.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4:<\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n– \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u064e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631) \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5:<\/strong> \u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Tab-05-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641:<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0641\u0629 VESS, visual evaluation of soil structure))\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627). \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Rapport-MO-Argile.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \/ \u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 185 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 2> (\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627)\u060c =3 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644) \u0648 < 4 (\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627).<\/p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u062a 2017.
\n\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629> 2) \u0648 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 >4)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 = 3). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 15% \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/D\u00e9gradation-des-sols-768x1024.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 1:<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Bacteries-00.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 2:<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (K, Mg, Ca) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Fichier-6.png\")
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 6:<\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (CEC) \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a 2018.<\/p>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a(CEC) \u060c \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a.
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646:
\n– \u062d\u0644 \u00ab\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.
\n– \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\n– \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 120 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500 \u0643\u0644\u063a\/\u0637\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645) 6<\/sup><\/strong>.
\n– \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\/\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a (C\/N) \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u0631.
\n– \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627) \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 7% \u0645\u0646 N + P + K. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.
\n\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.
\n\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 100 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 0.9% \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f 52 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 11 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 2.1% \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f 92 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u00bb.
\n\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a<\/strong>
\n OLEA<\/strong>
\n \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/strong>
\n 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n6<\/sup> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c 200 \u0643\u0644\u063a\/\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10\u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 2 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 Mo \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jardi-Compost.jpg\")
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Horti-Compost.jpg\")
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\ufb6c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Granu-Compost.jpg\")
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0648\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641. \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 ( \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0633- \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0631 – 1995 ).<\/p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 11995\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627 (pH \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 22017)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 www.humanite-biodiversite.fr\/article\/sols-en-danger (31 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2012).<\/p>\n\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3000 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1.5%3 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1%. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\n1<\/sup> \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f.
\n2<\/sup> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 2017.
\n3<\/sup> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 = \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a x 1.72.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 7 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a 2018.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644) \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00bb – \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a \u2013 2018.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 75 \u0625\u0644\u0649 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u064a) \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u061f <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u06464<\/sup><\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 5<\/sup><\/strong>K2.
\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
(1) 10000 \u06452 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629) x 0.3 \u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642)x 1.3 \u0637\u0646\/\u06453 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629) = 3900 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.
\n(2) 25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u060c 15\u00b0\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 K1\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15%.
\n\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c 50 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/strong>
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\n4<\/sup> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641.
\n5<\/sup> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f K2. \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644 (2011) \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4:<\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n– \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u064e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631) \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062f\u0633 \u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5:<\/strong> \u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641:<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629.
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0641\u0629 VESS, visual evaluation of soil structure))\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627). \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \/ \u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 185 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 2> (\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627)\u060c =3 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644) \u0648 < 4 (\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627).<\/p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631)\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u062a 2017.
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\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 2:<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (K, Mg, Ca) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 6:<\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (CEC) \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a 2018.<\/p>\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a(CEC) \u060c \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a.
\n\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 .
\n\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646:
\n– \u062d\u0644 \u00ab\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.
\n– \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\n– \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 120 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500 \u0643\u0644\u063a\/\u0637\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645) 6<\/sup><\/strong>.
\n– \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\/\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a (C\/N) \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u0631.
\n– \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627) \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 7% \u0645\u0646 N + P + K. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.
\n\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.
\n\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 100 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 0.9% \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f 52 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 11 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 2.1% \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f 92 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u00bb.
\n\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a<\/strong>
\n OLEA<\/strong>
\n \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/strong>
\n 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n6<\/sup> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c 200 \u0643\u0644\u063a\/\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10\u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 2 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 Mo \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\ufb6c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/i><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0648\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>
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<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 ( \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0633- \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0631 – 1995 ).<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 11995\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0628 www.humanite-biodiversite.fr\/article\/sols-en-danger (31 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 2012).<\/p>\n \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3000 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1.5%3 \u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1%. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n 1<\/sup> \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f. \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a 2018.<\/p>\n \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644) \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u00ab \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00bb – \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a \u2013 2018.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 75 \u0625\u0644\u0649 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u064a) \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u06464<\/sup><\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 5<\/sup><\/strong>K2. (1) 10000 \u06452 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629) x 0.3 \u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642)x 1.3 \u0637\u0646\/\u06453 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629) = 3900 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4:<\/strong> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636<\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/strong> 4<\/sup> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10\u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 2 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a 3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 Mo \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627 (pH \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8)\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 22017)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u0637\u0646\/\u0647\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\n2<\/sup> \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 2017.
\n3<\/sup> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 = \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a x 1.72.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u061f<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 7 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u061f <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n(2) 25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u060c 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u060c 15\u00b0\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 K1\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15%.
\n\u0644\u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c 50 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n– \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.7% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644.
\n– \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0629 (\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a). \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.
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\n\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n
\n
\n5<\/sup> \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f K2. \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644 (2011) \u0648 \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0641\u0629 VESS, visual evaluation of soil structure))\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627). \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629> 2) \u0648 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 >4)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 = 3). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 15% \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u062a\u0630\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (K, Mg, Ca) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631)\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/i><\/i><\/span>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div>
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\n\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646:
\n– \u062d\u0644 \u00ab\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.
\n– \u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:
\n– \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 120 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500 \u0643\u0644\u063a\/\u0637\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645) 6<\/sup><\/strong>.
\n– \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\/\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a (C\/N) \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u0631.
\n– \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627) \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 7% \u0645\u0646 N + P + K. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a.
\n\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.
\n\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 2003 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 100 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 0.9% \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f 52 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 11 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 2.1% \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f 92 \u0642\/\u0647\u0643. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u00bb.
\n\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a<\/strong>
\n OLEA<\/strong>
\n \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627<\/strong>
\n 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/h1><\/div>
\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\ufb6c\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0648\u00ae<\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/h3><\/div>
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Arbo-Compost.jpg\")
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/profert.dz\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Jardi-Compost-G.jpg\")
<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>